Breathing fresh sea air can be considered a form of nebulising as well as a source of negative ions.

Vaporizers aka humidifiers can treat several people or a whole room by humidifying the air, adding warm or cool moisture to ease nasal and chest congestion, and coughing, while nebulizers treat a single person at a time, and usually under medical guidance. Traditionally, eucalyptus oil has been a popular inhalent treatment for antimicrobial effects of bacteria, viruses and fungi.
See, for example, this study.
And a long list, by sports journalist Nicholas J. Meyer.

"prevention can include 'disinfecting' saliva and 'nebulising' lungs"
New studies on pharmaceutical prevention solutions for covid-19 virus suggest that, in additon to nasal passages and lungs, prevention can include 'disinfecting' saliva and 'nebulising' lungs...

The Effect of Negative Ions
by Tim Jewell, September 11, 2019, Healthline

Excerpts:
A 2018 review of ionization literature also found an effect of negative ionization on many facets of human health. Researchers looked at 100 years of studies and found evidence that negative ions could:

- help regulate sleep patterns and mood
- reduce stress
- boost immune system function
- increase metabolism of carbs and fats
- kill or inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, viruses, and mold species, such as E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and the bacterium that causes tuberculosis
…
The best way to get negative ions is to go to where they exist naturally. There’s little anyone can say against spending a little time outdoors.

- Step outside in the rain.
- Visit a waterfall, creek, riverbank, or beach.
- Sit beside a decorative water fountain, often found at parks, shopping areas, and the lobbies of office buildings and hotels.
>>>more

The brain produces peroxide as a disinfectant:

i. Dringen, et. al, (2005), Peroxide detoxification by brain cells
"Peroxides are generated continuously in cells that consume oxygen. Among the different peroxides, hydrogen peroxide is the molecule that is formed in highest quantities.... Generation and disposal of peroxides is a very important process in the human brain, because cells of this organ consume 20% of the oxygen used by the body."

ii. Mitochondria Are the Source of Hydrogen Peroxide for Dynamic Brain-Cell Signaling, Journal of Neuroscience 15 July 2009, 29 (28) 9002-9010
"Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is emerging as a ubiquitous small-molecule messenger in biology, particularly in the brain, but underlying mechanisms of peroxide signaling remain an open frontier for study."

iii. H2O2: A Dynamic Neuromodulator, Neuroscientist. 2011 Aug; 17(4): 389–406 "Increasing evidence implicates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an intra- and intercellular signaling molecule that can influence processes from embryonic development to cell death."

Can Covid-19 be 'cured' with Hydrogen Peroxide?
Over 2020, the potency of Vit. C & Vit. D (D3 in particular) was 'rediscovered'. We've also heard more on the benefits of hydrogen peroxide, which is molecularly very similar to water (H2O) - but with an additional oxygen atom (H202).

June 2022 report
Hospital Study Shows that Covid-19 Can be Prevented with Hydrogen Peroxide
Editorial by Albert G.B. Amoah, MD, PhD; Seth Ayettey, MD, PhD; Thomas E. Levy, MD, JD; and Richard Z. Cheng, MD, PhD

Excerpt:
OMNS (June 29, 2022) Daily mouth rinse, gargle and nasal rinse with dilute hydrogen peroxide solution can prevent Covid-19.
In a recent study, over 4,000 patients and 89 healthcare staff of a hospital in Ghana used hydrogen peroxide on a daily basis during the peak season of Covid-19 season (April 2021 - Dec 2021). None of the 4,000+ patients got Covid-19. None of the 89 staff got Covid-19, except one who discontinued the use of hydrogen peroxide! [1] In another hospital during the same period, out of 424 staff who were fully vaccinated, 34 used hydrogen peroxide and did not develop Covid-19, but 53 didn't use hydrogen peroxide and developed Covid-19. This is statistically significant. Out of the 78 unvaccinated staff, 23 used hydrogen peroxide and none of them got Covid-19. Of the remaining 55 unvaccinated who did not use hydrogen peroxide, 35 got Covid-19. This is statistically significant. These results suggest that even vaccines are not as effective as hydrogen peroxide in the prevention of Covid-19.

The Covid-19 virus (SARS-Cov-2) and other respiratory viruses invade our body through the nose and the mouth. This study shows for the first time that we can stop and kill these viruses in the mouth and nose before they invade deeper into our lungs and the blood stream to cause severe clinical symptoms using hydrogen peroxide.

This study shows that 1% hydrogen peroxide mouth wash and gargle, and 0.5% hydrogen peroxide for nasal cavity rinse (2-3 large drops per nostril) once daily was enough to significantly reduce the risks of Covid-19. [1] The table below from the report summarizes part of the results. In the video below, we have discussed and explained the significance of this study, including safety issues of hydrogen peroxide: https://www.brighteon.com/76f0c65b-69e9-4023-a2a8-0c31e72af047

Hydrogen peroxide history

Hydrogen peroxide is a well-known antiseptic, used extensively in dentistry and to disinfect surfaces and instruments. But many are unaware that hydrogen peroxide is a natural molecule that exists everywhere in the body, including in the immune/defensive cells that have very important biological functions to protect the body from disease.

Hydrogen peroxide was discovered over 200 years ago in 1818, and in 1856 it was found to be present in the human body. In 1888, hydrogen peroxide was reported for the first time to be effective for treating numerous diseases, including scarlet fever, diphtheria, nasal catarrh, acute coryza (rhinitis), whooping cough, asthma, hay fever and tonsillitis. It was also used as an oral and nasal antiseptic in the1918 Spanish flu pandemic.

In the 1960s, hydrogen peroxide was found to have a protective effect on myocardial ischemia. Intravenous infusion of hydrogen peroxide has been studied and promoted for the treatment of various diseases including cancer, skin diseases, polio and bacteria-related mental illness, even in pain relief. [2]

Dr. Levy's book "Rapid Virus Recovery" is on the use of hydrogen peroxide to prevent and treat viral infections, and has over 600 citations. [3] It reviews and analyzes the safety, effectiveness, biological mechanisms and the potential practical uses of hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen peroxide (HP) is an inexpensive, safe, and effective over-the-counter topical agent when taken as a mouthwash or when nebulized. [4-7] Knowing the availability of this natural agent and its practical utility may protect us from the current and future unknown viral infections involving the respiratory tract.

Moving forward
The Covid-19 pandemic swept through and turned the entire world upside down with a virus that was previously unknown. Without specific drugs and vaccines for this virus (SARS-Cov-2), the world panicked and as a result millions of lives and billions upon billions of dollars were lost.

We share this world with many microorganisms including bacteria and viruses, some of which can cause human diseases. Despite the human stockpile of antibiotics for bacterial infections, there are very few antiviral drugs. There is currently no fail-proof medication that is effective against coronavirus diseases encountered so far including MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and several other viral infections. Antiviral drugs and vaccines specific to a new virus take a long time to develop. As we have witnessed first-hand, Covid-19 vaccines took a year to roll out, setting a world record. Even then, after being fully vaccinated, several booster doses are required to prevent severer forms of COVID-19.

The Covid pandemic is not over yet, and epidemics and pandemics appear to be on the rise. [8] We believe that everyone should consider these questions ... >>>more

Nebulised Hydrogen Peroxide therapies
Selected reports:
Back to top

1.
Hydrogen peroxide is a very potent anti-viral,
and "nebulized peroxide" is another way of administering hydrogen peroxide therapy.
The Riordan Clinic, Kansas, USA shares a Comprehensive overview:

Excerpt:
Hydrogen Peroxide has been used for decades to conquer viral infections by thousands of doctors in thousands of patients all over the world. Hydrogen peroxide consists of a water molecule (H2O) with an extra oxygen atom (H2O2). It is the extra oxygen atom that makes it so deadly for viruses. Nebulization is a new way of administering hydrogen peroxide therapy that is almost as effective as the IV.

Nebulized peroxide is an effective route of getting this oxygen utilizing catalyst into the body via the rich network of blood vessels in the lungs.
This is not as strong of a treatment as IV peroxide but it comes close. Caution: Do not mix your own peroxide, this can be dangerous. If you feel bad after the peroxide, with flu-like symptoms, headache, fever, diarrhea, fatigue, etc, this is too strong a catalytic stimulation with peroxide. Consult your physician before using peroxide in a nebulizer.

"… I have treated hundreds of cases of colds, flus, sinusitis, and bronchitis all with the same great results. And I found that the nebulizer treatments actually have an advantage over the IV therapy that I hadn’t considered at first. And that is, that not only is the hydrogen peroxide being disseminated into the entire body through the lungs, it is also going directly to the areas of the body that are most affected by viruses – the sinuses, throat, bronchial tract, and lungs.” – Dr. Frank Shallenberger

Hydrogen peroxide is a very potent anti-viral. Because the virus enters through the nose, down the sinuses, and in the throat, if you can take a safe dose of a nebulized peroxide through your nasal cavity you can sterilize your sinuses, nasal cavity, and throat. If you can sterilize this area during the incubation process (those first 5 – 14 days before symptoms show) then you can potentially kill the virus before it incubates. – The Riordan Clinic, Witchita, Kansas

2.
July 3, 2021
Hindwai
Hydrogen Peroxide as an Adjuvant Therapy for COVID-19:
A Case Series of Patients & Caregivers in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area
Arturo Cervantes Trejo, et. al., Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 2021, Article ID 5592042 https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5592042

Abstract
Knowledge of the antiseptic effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dates back to the late 19th century, and its mechanisms of action has been amply described. Globally, many physicians have reported using H2O2 successfully, in different modalities, against COVID-19. Given its anti-infective and oxygenating properties, hydrogen peroxide may offer prophylactic and therapeutic applications for responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report a consecutive case series of twenty-three COVID-19 patients (of 36 initially enrolled) who had been diagnosed by their primary care physician (mean age: 39, range: 8 months–70 years; 74% male) and twenty-eight caregivers in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area who received a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) telemedicine treatment with H2O2 taken by mouth (PO, at a concentration of 0.06%), oral rinse (mouthwash, 1.5%), and/or nebulization (0.2%). We describe the treatment program and report the response of the COVID-19 patients and their caregivers. The patients mainly recovered well, reporting feeling “completely better” at 9.5 days on average. Two (9%) were hospitalized prior to joining the study, and one did not fully recover. Patients frequently reported nausea and sometimes dizziness or vomiting related to the oral treatment. None of the twenty-eight caregivers in close contact with the patients reported contracting COVID-19. Given its low cost and medical potential and considering its relative safety if used properly, we suggest that randomized controlled trials should be conducted. These should include both SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative participants, with single or combined modes of administration of H2O2, to study the benefits of this simple molecule and offer safe guidance regarding its use by health professionals.

Introduction
A case series is described on twenty-three ambulatory patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) and monitored by telemedicine, using an adjuvant therapy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), administered PO (per orem), by mouth rinses (oral gargles), and by inhalation routes. We report the clinical outcomes of the consecutive COVID-19 patients and their caregivers, who were treated by our medical team between May 11 and July 19, 2020.

Among other things, the team conducted a nonexhaustive review of the scientific literature to identify possible therapeutic and prophylactic alternatives. This review was supplemented by literature from the complementary, traditional, and integrative medicine fields. Our aim was to identify nonstandard therapeutic alternatives for treating viral infections, such as COVID-19, that could be easily and cheaply attained in Mexico over the counter and aid in the primary health response to the pandemic. With these requisites in mind, we identified this clinically useful molecule, hydrogen peroxide.

Dating back to 1888, Love et al. reported the use of hydrogen peroxide as an anti-infectious agent and described it as effective in treating numerous diseases including scarlet fever, diphtheria, runny nose, coryza, whooping cough, asthma, hay fever, and tonsillitis [1].

1. N. Love, “Peroxide of hydrogen as a remedial agent: read before the St. Louis Medical Society, february 4, 1888,” Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 262–265, 1888. … >>>more

3.
May 10, 2021
Orthomolecular Medicine News Service
Hydrogen Peroxide Nebulization and COVID Resolution
Commentary by Thomas E. Levy, MD, JD
Excerpt:

. . . As she already had some experience with treating colds and flu among friends and family with the HP nebulization, along with what had worked well in her own personal experience, she began all of her "COVID patients" on the following protocol of HP nebulization:

1. Several milliliters of undiluted 3% hydrogen peroxide was placed in the nebulization chamber that was connected to a tabletop air compressor/pump-style nebulization machine.

2. Nebulization was initiated with a mask covering the nose and mouth to deliver the nebulized HP into the nose, sinuses, throat, and airways.

3. Each nebulization was continued for a full 30 minutes. Three treatments a day were given for a full five days.

All of the patients reported significant improvement after the completion of the first 30 minutes of nebulization, including near-immediate improvement in the ease of breathing by those who had the most advanced infections. >>>more

4.
April 22, 2020
Cambridge University Press
Might hydrogen peroxide reduce the hospitalization rate and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection?
Caruso, A., Del Prete, A., Lazzarino, A., Capaldi, R., & Grumetto, L.
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 41(11), 1360-1361, 2020
Full text, sans illustrations and references

To the Editor—The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for COVID-19, which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The current pandemic appears to be characterized by human-to-human transmission; it occurs through cough, sneeze, droplet inhalation, and direct contact of hands with mouth, nose, and eyes. The virus resides in the mucous membranes and it is transmitted through the saliva and the respiratory droplets. Although prevention of person-to-person transmission is the key to limiting the pandemic, so far, little attention has been given to the events taking place immediately after the onset of the first symptoms.

To prevent the spread of the virus, in February 2020, the Italian government issued a recommendation, among the methods of sanitizing the environments, for the use of 0.5% hydrogen peroxide.1 Hydrogen peroxide is already widely used as an environmental, surgical disinfectant and as an oral disinfectant in the treatment of gingivitis.2,3 SARSCoV-2 is spread by human-to-human transmission; the infection is estimated to have an average incubation period of 6.4 days and a base reproduction number of 2.24–3.58.4 Furthermore, scientific studies have proven that the virus persists for 2 days on the mucous membranes of macaques5 before the subsequent spread of the virus to the lower respiratory tract. This delay represents a window of therapeutic opportunity.

The efficient inactivation of coronaviruses (eg, SARS and MERS) on inanimate
surfaces using hydrogen peroxide (H O 0.5% for 1 minute) was assessed by Kampf et al. Based on their findings, and after reviewing the current literature concerning hydrogen peroxide, we propose that hydrogen peroxide, as an antiseptic agent, could play a pivotal role in reducing the hospitalization rate and COVID-19-related complications. The antiseptic efficacy of hydrogen peroxide 3% against SARSCoV-2 on oral and nasal mucosa can be reasonably hypothesized. The antiseptic action is due not only to the known oxidizing and mechanical removal properties of hydrogen peroxide but also to the induction of the innate antiviral inflammatory response by overexpression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). Thus, the overall progression of the infection from the upper to the lower respiratory tract can be reduced.

Therefore, we advise an off-label use of H O 3% and 1.5 % (10 volumes) by oral and nasal washing respectively, performed immediately after the onset of the first symptoms and the presumptive diagnosis of COVID-19 and during the illness in home quarantine or by hospitalized patients not requiring intensive care.

We propose a regimen of gargling 3 times per day for disinfection of the oral cavity and nasal washes with a nebulizer twice daily (due to a greater sensitivity of the nasal mucosa). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is safe for use on the mucous membranes as gargling or as a nasal spray; in fact, it is already commonly used in otolaryngology. Figure ?Figure11 shows the epithelial of oral mucosa treated with H2O2 3% for a period of 6 months. No damage was observed on oral mucous membranes or their microvilli after ongoing gargling treatment with H2O2 3%. Another route for SARSCoV-2 is through nasolacrimal ducts; thus, we advise the use of iodopovidone 0.5%–0.6% as eye drops (1 drop 3 times daily on conjunctiva of both eyes) due to its antiseptic action against SARS-CoV-2 within 1 minute.

In our opinion, the effectiveness of this regimen will be verified through a significant reduction of the rate of hospitalization and respiratory complications in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 with and without mild-to-moderate symptoms. We strongly encourage the rapid development of randomized controlled trials including both SARS-CoV-2–positive and –negative participants to study the benefits of H2O2 3% in the reduction of pulmonary complications and hospitalization rates.

July, 2020
A Novel Approach to Treating COVID-19 Using Nutritional and Oxidative Therapies (pdf),
Science, Public Health Policy, and The Law,
Vol. 2:4-22, July, 2020
By Dr. David Brownstein, MD. Wayne State University Clinical Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine,
"The way to combat these pathogens resides within us- a strong, well-supported immune system." – Dr. David Brownstein, MD. (2020),
Dr. Brownstein is an early adopter of Vitamin D optimization and nebulized peroxide.
*Note: Iodine deficiency may be the root cause of thyroid disorders.
See also "Iodine: Why You Need It. Why You Can't Live Without It" 2008,
by David Brownstein, MD

Excerpt from a comprehensive interview:
Partial transcript
"The history goes back about 28 years when I began practicing holistic medicine. Of course, we would see people with influenza and influenza-like illnesses every fall and winter, so I started searching for things that would help people's immune systems …
We initially started using vitamin C and vitamin D. I started to check vitamin D levels in 1992. What I found was the vast majority of my patients, well over 90%, were deficient in vitamin D, and those who had more chronic issues and were sicker in general, they usually had lower levels of vitamin D ...
Then I came across vitamin A. I originally read the research on how vitamin A helped third world countries when they had measles infections and helped … [patients] recover uneventfully if they had enough vitamin A, so I quickly added vitamin A to the regimen.

A few years later, I learned about iodine. Iodine has direct viricidal effects. It has immune system effects. It helps the white blood cells produce hydrogen peroxide to fight viral and bacterial infections, as well as thyroid effects. Iodine got added to the regimen, and so
the original treatment of our patients was vitamins A, C, D and iodine at high doses for about four days.

What we found was our patients did not develop pneumonia, did not get hospitalized, did not die from flu and other influenza-like illnesses at anywhere near the rates that they should have when you looked at the published rates of problems with these illnesses."
. . .
Here are a few additional facts that explain how and why hydrogen peroxide works so well for respiratory infections:
1. Hydrogen peroxide freely crosses cell membranes and does not readily oxidize biological molecules, including lipids and proteins. It does however react with iron. The presence of free, unbound iron in high concentrations in pathogens is what allows them to be selectively targeted by hydrogen peroxide. High concentrations of iron result in a rapid breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals and water. The hydroxyl radical, a potent oxidizing agent, kills any pathogens present. (Under normal, healthy circumstances, hydrogen peroxide merely breaks down into oxygen and water.)

2. Peroxide is generated by activated phagocytes (pathogen-killing immune cells) at sites of inammation. Phagocytes also contain high amounts of ascorbate (vitamin C), which directly donate electrons to peroxide to generate the pathogenkilling hydroxyl radical inside the infected cells. Vitamin C also helps generate increased amounts of extracellular hydrogen peroxide, which further boosts the
elimination of pathogens.

3. Hydrogen peroxide is continually generated inside all cells in your body, including the epithelial lining of your lungs. (Hydrogen peroxide is present in the air exhaled by healthy human subjects, and when inammation is present, more peroxide is found in the exhaled breath.) The presence of excreted peroxide on these surface
cells in the airways is part of a healthy, at-the-ready immune response.

4. Aside from its anti-pathogen properties, hydrogen peroxide is also recognized as an important signaling molecule, both intracellular and extracellular, inuencing and modulating multiple metabolic processes.

In summary, hydrogen peroxide sits inside and outside your cells in low levels, ready and waiting to be generated in greater amounts as soon as a pathogen is detected by the immune system by NADPH Oxidase (NOX). Its presence in your human body (at varying amounts depending on whether infection is present), and the lack of toxic metabolites, are indicative of its safety and nontoxic nature.
Similarly, as noted by Brownstein, hydrogen peroxide is extremely safe to use and nebulize at the diluted levels suggested. It's also effective. All pathogens studied to date have been found to succumb to hydrogen peroxide, albeit at varying concentrations and
for different amounts of exposure. pp. 10 -11.
Download full interview (pdf)

Recent studies:
Traditional methods are effective in preventing infections.

1.
15 Nov. 2010
PubMed
Protective essential oil attenuates influenza virus infection:
an in vitro study in MDCK cells
Wu, et al., 2010
Excerpt: In this paper, we investigate the potential role of an essential oil in antiviral activity. … Conclusions: An essential oil blend significantly attenuates influenza virus PR8 infectivity in vitro without affecting viral binding or cellular internalization in MDCK cells. Oil treated virus continued to express viral mRNAs but had minimal expression of viral proteins, suggesting that the antiviral effect may be due to inhibition of viral protein translation.”

2.
7 Feb. 2014
NCBI
Essential Oils:
A New Horizon in Combating Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance
Yap, et al., 2014

“Today, bacteria which are resistant not only to a single drug but simultaneously to many drugs are rampantly spread in the community and clinically due to the improper use of antibiotics in the past decade”

Could pineapples be a new weapon against COVID-19?
NEWS Medical Life Sciences
17 September, 2020

Results of a recent research endeavor from the United States indicate that bromelain or bromelain rich pineapple stem may be utilized as an antiviral agent against coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but also for potential future coronavirus outbreaks. This exciting paper is currently available on the bioRxiv* preprint server.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is already well-known for its rapid human-to-human transmission, responsible for the relentless pandemic spread of dangerous COVID-19.

But every day, we learn a bit more about SARS-CoV-2 immunology. The initial interaction between Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), primed spike glycoprotein (S-protein), and host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) is a pre-requisite for cell entry and COVID-19 pathogenesis.

At the moment, infected patients are treated with different antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimalarial agents. Nevertheless, the response rate is relatively modest, and there is a need to confirm both the safety and efficacy profile of those drugs against COVID-19.

But repurposing existing drugs or develop new (either virus-based or host-based) antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 is still a way forward. The pertinent question is, could we maybe use bromelain – a dietary supplement isolated from pineapple stem used to treat patients with pain, inflammation, and thrombosis – for COVID-19 patients as well?

This hypothesis was tackled by researchers from the University of Nebraska Medical Center and the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) in Silver Spring in the United States, with rather exciting findings.

Cloning and expressing recombinant proteins . . . >>>more